Morphology of Flowering Plants

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Axile: Here, the placenta is axial and the ovules are

attached to it in a multilocular ovary. E.g. China rose,

Tomato and lemon. (Odisha NEET 2019, AIPMT 2010,

2012)

Free central: Here, ovules are borne on central axis

and septa are absent. E.g. Dianthus and Primrose.

Basal: Here, placenta develops at the base of ovary

and a single ovule is attached to it. E.g. sunflower,

marigold.



After fertilisation, the ovules develop into seeds and the ovary matures

into a fruit.

(AIPMT Mains 2011, NEET 2016)

THË FRÜÏT

 It is a characteristic feature of the flowering plants.

 It is a ripened ovary developed after fertilisation.

 If a fruit is formed without fertilisation of the ovary, it is called a

parthenocarpic fruit.

 In mango & coconut, fruit is called a drupe. They are one seeded

and develop from monocarpellary superior ovaries.

A fruit consists of:



PERICARP (fruit wall): It may be dry or fleshy. When pericarp is thick and

fleshy, it is differentiated into outer epicarp, middle mesocarp and inner

endocarp.



In mango, the pericarp is well differentiated into thin epicarp, fleshy

edible mesocarp and stony hard endocarp. In coconut, the mesocarp is

fibrous edible part is endosperm which is free nuclear (liquid part) and

white part is cellular endosperm.

(AIPMT 2012)